Recently in Marketing Category

Today and this weekend, I'm at Las Vegas Motor Speedway as a guest of execs at LVMS, attending my first NASCAR event. I'll be Twittering on location with my behind the scenes observations and impressions of the event.

Made to Stick photoI recently attended a presentation by Dan Heath, co-author of the best selling book "Made to Stick". Here is a summary of the most interesting things I heard about why some ideas thrive while others die - and how to improve the chances of worthy ideas.

"With millions of ideas clamoring for attention, you've got to figure out how to get attention," Heath said. "You don't necessarily have to be a creative genius. There are templates for ideas that stick."

Heath developed the book by first asking the question, "What makes naturally sticky ideas stick?" He then set out to reverse engineer that and arrived at six traits that successful ideas have in common:

  • Simplicity: strip an idea to its core, something simple and profound. Short sound bites are not the mission. Proverbs are the ideal.

    Heath said that he thinks marketers spend too much time obsessing about their customers and demographics. Customers want something that will do a job for them. The successful Swifter product wasn't born out of understanding the "mopping demographic", it came from an understanding that people need to do a job - sweep floors.

  • Unexpectedness: violate people's expectations to capture people's attention... and hold on to it. But not just surprise, which doesn't last. Generate interest and curiosity.

    "Think about what people expect us to say, that as soon as we say it, people tune out," Heath said. "Is there something we could disrupt there to get their attention?"

    Heath said that the Atkins diet is an example, because it was completely different than what we expected a diet to be. Interestingly, you probably first heard about it not from marketing but via word of mouth, which is how sticky ideas travel.

  • Concreteness: explain ideas in terms of concrete images, human actions and sensory information.

  • Credibility: if we're trying to persuade a skeptical audience to believe a new message, we're fighting against an uphill battle against a lifetime of personal learning and social relationships. Fortify the idea with sources of credibility, including authorities, the power of vivid details, and contextualizing statistics in terms that are more human and everyday.

  • Emotions: to get people to care about an idea, make them feel something.

    Heath talked "identity appeal", which is about three questions people ask: who am I, what kind of situation is this, and what does someone like me do in this situation? As an example, Texas had a wildly successful ad campaign to reduce litter in the state with its "Don't Mess With Texas" ads, which appealed to a Texan's sense of patriotism for the state, what they think of themselves as a Texan. This is in contrast to "consequence appeal", which is about cost vs. benefit.

  • Stories: to get people to act on ideas, tell stories. Three types of stories: The challenge plot (David vs. Goliath), the connection plot (form a relationship across boundaries), and the creativity plot (triumph over a difficult task via ingenuity). All three share a sense of inspiration.

    These six qualities are quite powerful and many are common sense, however they aren't commonly applied due to the 'curse of knowledge'. Heath explained:

    "The smarter we get, the more experience we gain, the more skill we get," Heath said. "But simultaneously, it becomes increasingly hard to empathize with our audience, who doesn't have all the knowledge we have. The people with the most knowledge often have a difficult time talking about it."

    The cure: translate that message into something sticky. A person can learn without a lot of domain knowledge.

    Heath was asked, how do you apply these principles?

    "We all have the moment when we have the spark of an idea," Heath said. "Freeze that moment. How do you go about expressing it? What is the creative execution?" That's where the six traits come into play.

  • mq-logo2.gif A great article in newest edition of The McKinsey Quarterly entitled, "Coaching innovation: An interview with Intuit's Bill Campbell."

    In this Q&A, CEO Campbell talks about the role of innovation in stimulating growth, as well as the management challenge of building and sustaining an innovative corporate culture.

    Points I found compelling:

  • Campbell looks for founders, CEOs, and management teams focused on building durability and lasting value - not interested in a "quick in and out."

  • Innovation can occur in a couple of ways. Some companies want to break new ground with products and services that haven't been done before. In contrast, other companies, like Apple, over a period of time, figure out how to apply technology to consumer products that people want: a seamless end-to-end experience.

  • To foster a culture of innovation: start with giving the "crazy people" stature and make sure that the "lunatic fringe" has an opportunity to contribute.

  • Create a culture where engineers really are important. "Empowered engineers are the single most important thing that you can have in a company," Campbell says.

  • Campbell's sage advice for product managers: Don't tell an engineer what features you want. Tell engineers what problem the consumer has and then the engineers will provide you with a way better solution than you'll ever get by telling them to include a feature in a product.

  • To build a culture of innovation if you don't already have it, Campbell describes: "You need a leader. You have to go out and recruit the best person you can who knows how to create an innovation culture. He or she doesn't need to be personally the most innovative person, but he or she needs to know how to foster innovation. Then give that person license to hire. Go get yourself some teams. Recruit people who have the "DNA" that you want. For me, growth is the goal, and growth comes through having innovation. Innovation comes through having great engineers, not great product-marketing guys."

  • On the role of the customer in the innovation process, Campbell says: "We have to be careful about the customer. I learned this from Steve Jobs years ago. When I came to Apple, I brought my Kodak research mentality, and Steve's view was, "Stuff your research. Nobody's ever going to give you feedback on something that they can't conceive of." And so we would argue those points. And I still joke with him and say, "A marketing person would never have conceived of a Macintosh. But a marketing person could have made it better."

  • summit2006.jpg

    NEW YORK - Joanne Casley, who leads Reuters consumer facing paid content businesses in the U.S., presented an in-depth case study "Selling Content Online: What We've Learned".

    We've all heard of Reuters thanks to the company's global reach. What you might not already know is that Reuters has launched premium content offerings, including pay-per-view analyst research reports and subscriptions services for individual investors.

    As Reuters developed their paid content offerings, they faced some major challenges. Foremost, the company has historically had a business-to-business focus, and lacked experience and systems to support a business-to-consumer initiative. For example, the company didn't have any of the following: an e-commerce platform, a shopping cart, recurring billing system, customer support for online customers, segmented customer database, path analysis, or A/B split testing. Adding to the challenge, it wasn't easy to make changes to Reuter's technology systems on the fly.

    To overcome these challenges, Reuters partnered with research company "Marketing Experiments". The company helped Reuters build a separate testing platform to host test pages, enabling Reuters to bypass their own in-house technical constraints and get quick learning.

    What Reuters learned about optimizing marketing pages:

  • Emphasize Free 30 Day Trial in the page title as the biggest incentive
    Simple explanations of the value proposition work best.
  • Capture customer e-mail addresses up front, so even if they don't complete the purchase, you have their e-mail address. This decreases click-through but increases overall conversion
  • Include a clear call to action
  • Set expectations about the sign-up process ("Just two easy steps")

    What Reuters learned about optimizing the order process:

  • Shopping cart works REALLY well for pay-per-view purchases, with average concersion from items added to the card 82%
  • Shopping cart is less successful for converting free trial subscriptions
  • Shopping cart is also less successful for converting traffic from search engine marketing, for these users, the cart process is too long
  • The instinct that shorter order forms result in better conversion proved to be incorrect.
  • Words such as "Start" and "Activate" performed better than "Register"
  • A surprise "incentive" increases completion of the order form. Casley believes that it doesn't matter what the prize is, as long as it is relevant to the offer.

    What Reuters learned about product name testing:

  • Marketers surveyed got it all wrong, voting as the best names those that performed worst in test results.
  • Intuition isn't always right...
  • The best performing name increased conversion by 9%
  • Capitalize on a brand with existing recognition and awareness

    What Reuters learned about customer research:

  • Informal, low-fidelity customer research is as valuable as an expensive study
  • Contact customers frequently and informally to improve the quality of feedback, establish an ongoing 2-way communication channel, and get on-the-fly guidance
  • Data from even low-fi research can help secure management buy-in
  • A beta program for a new product can enable you to identify usability issues, fix bugs, pre-sell to users who might upgrade to the product and create buzz around the new product. And it costs next to nothing.
  • Users value the opportunity to give feedback and appreciate being asked for their opinion IF they care about the service.

  • summit2006.jpg

    NEW YORK - On Monday, Peter Morse, VP, Search and Advertising at ECNext Inc., presented a case study "Search Engine Optimization for Premium Content Providers".

    Getting your web pages ranked high in the organic (free) listings of search engines is important for generating greater traffic to your website. Especially when as much as 75% of clicks within Google are on organic listings.

    So how do you do it? Depends on who you ask. Search engines want you to create a content rich site and build it so it works well for users - then let their crawlers and secret algorithms do the rest.

    But what do you do when much of your website is behind a subscription wall or login box? It can be difficult for search engines to crawl and index your site. Further, it can be difficult to acquire inbound links because people generally deep link to free content. Finally, free pages within a premium content site tend to share similar characteristics, prompting search engines to exclude them from indexing, thinking they are duplicates. Net: fewer pages indexed and lower search engine rankings.

    Let's take a look at the essential elements of Search Engine Optimization (SEO) - the process of improving web pages so that they will rank higher in organic search.

    At the most basic level, search engines crawl, index and rank web pages:

  • First, search engines automatically crawl web pages and read content, revisiting periodically to look for updates.
  • Then search engines index your pages, creating a database of crawled web pages and making content of web pages available for people to search.
  • Finally search engines rank web pages, using top secret algorithms to decide which pages to show and in what order, for a specific search query.

    Premium content publishers should: 1) leverage existing content; 2) create new content and give it away; 3) build relevant links; and 4) decrease page duplication; 5) catch long tail search term traffic; and 6) track progress.

  • Leverage existing content: Every piece of content is a marketing vehicle. Develop a product page for each piece of your content. And make sure crawlers can find this "free" content via text links and by avoiding dynamic URLs. Rather than one large page, create individual pages for each product page - more pages means more targeted search terms.

  • Create new content and give it away: You need some free content to entice links to your site. Some ideas for free content: blogs; user generated content; lists of useful resources and "how to" subject guides; and industry news and trends.

  • Build relevant links: If your content is worthwhile, someone will want to link to it. You want text links that are contextually relevant in nature and are one-way, not reciprocal (discounted by search engines). But all links are not created equal. Inbound links from content areas carry more weight vs. links from footer/navigation. As a first priority, pursue links from .edu, .org, .gov, .and mil domains (these are viewed by search engines as non-profit and authoritative, carrying more weight).

  • Decrease page duplication Search engines try to reduce too many similar pages being indexed. With limited free content available per page, it's important to avoid pages looking too much the same. Morse's rule of thumb: keep pages less than 85% similar.

  • Catch long tail search term traffic: Specialized content and search terms are very valuable to mine. To accomplish this, try using product specific keywords where search engine users land on the exact page that answers their question. Consider displaying author and publisher name prominently to capture additional search traffic. And display addresses and phone numbers for visibility in local search results.

  • Track progress As with everything direct response, it's critically important to track results. Morse recommends monitoring the number of "important pages" indexed, ranks for targeted keywords, and conversion rates for search traffic.

    Next Up: What Reuters Learned About Tech Platforms and Marketing by Launching Five Content Subscription Sites in 2005.

  • summit2006.jpg

    NEW YORK - Hoover's delivers comprehensive company, industry, and market intelligence services. Paul Pellman, EVP Marketing of Hoover's, presented a case study on the redesign of Hoover's free website.

    Hoover's typical prospective customer: people researching a topic stumble across Hoover's. Once on the site, Hoover's needs to quickly communicate the value proposition of their service - and get the person to subscribe.

    The goals of the redesign were to 1. Improve the UI to better communicate Hoover's value and quickly guide users to the information and tools they need; 2. to showcase subscriber-only content and tools; and 3. to improve advertising integration and generate more advertising revenue.

    The key challenge Hoover's faces is finding the right balance between the free and paid portions of their website.

    Hoover's worked with Optimost to perform multivariate testing (a statistical methodology of testing many variables at once vs. the slower process of A-B testing).

    Key points covered by Pellman:

  • Homepage: Adding a search area, enlarging button size and designing button text in all caps significantly increased click-through rate. In addition, Hoover's streamlined search, included prominent placement of "sneak peek" access to some premium content, showcased how many articles were updated today (to reinforce Hoover's timely updating process) and provided an opportunity to use the service's list-building tools. The result, according to Pellman: triple digit improvements in conversion.

  • "Fact Sheet" about a company (which you might come across if you search for a company name such as "Dell", using Google or Yahoo): these variables won in testing: including the toll free ordering phone number prominently in the masthead, streamlining the left navigation area and clearly separating free and paid sections.

  • Subscriptions Options Page: Use of more benefits-oriented language that focus on the value proposition - specific calls to action with the ordering phone number more prominently placed - resulted in double digit improvements. A benefit to Hoover's sales process: potential customers calling the order number are better educated about Hoover's services and the quality of inbound leads is higher when they reach a salesperson.

  • Further testing of the subscriptions options page found these variables greatly increased conversion: simpler graphics, a focus on concepts of "affordable", "exclusive editorial" and more active words such as "Click Here" and "Get". In contrast, words such as "Subscribe" and "Subscription Options" tested poorly.

  • Registration Page: According to Pellman, every time you take a piece of data away from the registration form, you increase conversion. Hoover's reduced the number of fields on their registration form from 12 to 9. Pellman advises: "Is every piece of information absolutely critical? If not, remove it." For example, Hoover's removed the traditional "Address 2" field. Additionally, Hoover's learned that it's better not to give an option to go to other pages - you want the person doing one thing only - filling out the web form.

  • IT resource issues: Pellman said that outsourcing to Optimost helped get around a scarcity of internal IT resources.

  • Creative/design: Pellman noted that general web design creative services are often horrible at the specialty skill of direct response design. I've seen that time and time again. His advice (which isn't commonly followed but should be): hire creative talent that specializes in direct response design.

    Next Up: Search Engine Optimization (SEO) Tactics for Premium Content Providers

  • summit2006.jpg

    NEW YORK - People check their e-mail four times a day. That's four times a day you can market to people via e-mail. Michael McCurdy, CRM Product Marketing Manager at Match.com, got the conference started with a case study, "Secrets of Match.com's Email Marketing Success". Key points covered by McCurdy:

  • You have 2.67 seconds to get someone's attention in an e-mail.

  • Single focus e-mails perform dramatically better.

  • More means less and less means more. The more cluttered the e-mail, the less likely people are to click through. McCurdy says he tries to limit e-mails to 30 words including headline and copy.

  • The subject line is the most important part of the e-mail. Without a solid subject line, people won't open the e-mail.

  • Intrigue the recipient of the e-mail. This is a proven direct marketing technique, applied online.

  • The price is right? WRONG! Don't emphasize price in the e-mail offer. Selling content isn't about the price. It's about the content and representing the value of the content. It's about relationship building and guiding a person through a process.

  • Use an active voice, not a passive voice (eliminate words like "is" and "are") to drive statistically significant improvements in response rates.

  • In the design of the e-mail, tell the person where you want them to go. Be sure the design of the page doesn't cause the reader's eyes to bypass the buy button.

  • Don't tell people to "subscribe". That word signifies buying. Emphasize the word "free" (with a caveat: to bypass spam filters... McCurdy says Match.com doesn't use the word "free" in the subject line, and uses graphics to denote free, instead of pure text).

  • Free trial stated in hours (72 hours) performs better than free trial stated in days (3 days).

  • Test e-mails in different e-mail clients to see what they look like to different people.

  • For Match.com, HTML designed e-mails achieve significantly better conversion than plain text.

  • McCurdy recommends these three books: "The Paradox of Choice" - in which the author says 4 to 6 choices are better than 20 choices, because there is less buyer's remorse; "Freakonomics"; and "Permission Marketing".

    Next Up: "Hoover's Website Design Tests Results to Increase Conversion"

  • About this Archive

    This page is a archive of recent entries in the Marketing category.

    Innovation is the previous category.

    Mobile is the next category.

    Find recent content on the main index or look in the archives to find all content.